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Le Cameroun a reporté son emprunt international de 200 milliards de Fcfa en 2024, selon Fitch - Le Nouveau Cameroun

Le Cameroun a reporté son emprunt international de 200 milliards de Fcfa en 2024, selon Fitch

Le Cameroun a reporté son emprunt international de 200 milliards de Fcfa en 2024, selon Fitch

(BFI) – Cette information est donnée dans le sillage d’une perception négative des agences de notation et de la promesse de ressources à fournir par le FMI.

Dans sa plus récente note d’analyse sur la solvabilité du Cameroun publiée par l’agence de notation Fitch Ratings, on apprend que le pays d’Afrique centrale aurait reporté à 2024 son projet d’émission de 200 milliards Fcfa de titres d’emprunts internationaux (eurobonds). L’information indique que cette décision survient dans le cadre d’une stratégie de gestion proactive de sa dette, aussi bien internationale que nationale.

Aucun acteur (gouvernement ou responsable de la structuration) n’a fait de commentaires publics sur la question. Mais on apprend ce report après que l’agence de notation Moody’s a publié une opinion selon laquelle le profil d’émetteur de l’Etat du Cameroun, qui était jusque-là à spéculatif, mais stable (B2), était désormais à cinq points du défaut de paiement (Caa1). Fitch Ratings n’a pas baissé la note du pays, mais a abaissé ses perspectives.

Dans un contexte où les politiques monétaires des pays du monde, et plus encore ceux d’Afrique subsaharienne, sont mises à l’épreuve en raison principalement de chocs exogènes, il est reproché au pays, sur une certaine période en 2022, d’avoir eu des retards de paiement de 18 jours sur leurs différents emprunts. Le gouvernement n’est pas parvenu à faire passer le message selon lequel la situation était due à des défis techniques dans la consolidation des réserves de change de la CEMAC par sa Banque centrale.

Le pays est pourtant au clair avec ses engagements internationaux et, depuis le début de l’année 2023, aucun retard de paiement n’a plus été signalé et les indicateurs macroéconomiques sur la dette extérieure sont assez positifs. « Nous prévoyons que le Cameroun maintiendra un déficit budgétaire modéré de 1,3 % de son PIB en 2023 et de 1,4 % en 2024, en termes de trésorerie. Les besoins de financement fiscal brut devraient représenter en moyenne 4,8 % du PIB entre 2024 et 2025, l’amortissement de l’eurobond ne constituant que 0,1 % du PIB par an », a fait savoir Fitch Ratings.

De son côté, le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) a exprimé une perception encore plus positive. « On s’attend à ce que le déficit global diminue, passant de 1,1 % en 2022 à 0,7 % en 2023, tandis que le stock de la dette publique devrait passer de 45 % du PIB fin 2022 à moins de 42 % fin 2023 », ont estimé ses experts dans une note publiée vendredi 17 novembre. L’institution a d’ailleurs accepté de décaisser un montant de 72,7 millions de dollars au titre d’un programme en cours avec le pays, et pourrait, si tout se déroule normalement, débloquer 145,4 millions de dollars supplémentaires d’ici juillet 2025.

Avec la perspective de mobiliser jusqu’à 218 millions $ de ressources internationales, les autorités camerounaises se donnent peut-être du temps pour repenser leur stratégie.

Comme de nombreux pays africains, le Cameroun connaît des défis dans sa gouvernance des finances publiques liés à plusieurs facteurs endogènes. Mais l’environnement international est celui qui est le plus pénalisant. La moindre défaillance est durement sanctionnée, tandis que les efforts ne sont pas récompensés à leur juste mesure.

Malgré la Covid-19, les objectifs de développement durable à financer, l’inflation importée des dérives de la gestion de sa monnaie par les Etats-Unis, la guerre en Ukraine et la spéculation sur le commerce mondial, il est exigé de l’Afrique de continuer de mener une orthodoxie dans la gouvernance économique, que peu de pays respectent. Une rencontre organisée en juin 2023 autour du président français Emmanuel Macron ambitionnait de faire changer les choses. Les avancées sont très lentes et le sujet d’une architecture financière internationale plus juste semble désormais oublié dans les placards.

Cet article a été publié par Business Finance International

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